Identifying Kidney Stones

There are four general types of kidney stones. Your kidney stone’s size and shape determine whether it's likely to pass by itself. Knowing what a stone is made of (its composition) helps your health care provider find its cause and prescribe the best treatment. X-rays or scans can help show the stone's size and shape. Your provider may also give you a strainer to catch the stone while passing urine. The stone can then be sent to a lab for analysis. You may need other types of urine and blood tests to help identify the stone. These tests can also help find causes for different types of stones. 

The tests can show:

• Size. A stone may be as small as a grain of sand. Some may be the size of a pebble. A few may be as large as a golf ball. Small stones may pass out of your body when you urinate.

• Shape. Small, smooth, round stones may pass easily. Jagged-edged stones often lodge inside the kidney or ureter. Staghorn stones can fill the entire renal pelvis and calyces.

• Composition. Most stones are made of calcium oxalate, a hard compound. Stones made of uric acid or cystine or that are caused by infection (struvite stones), are less dense. Stones often contain more than one chemical.