Understanding Hypovolemic Shock

What is hypovolemic shock?

Hypovolemic shock is a health emergency. It needs to be treated right away.

During hypovolemic shock, the body has lost too much blood or other fluids. As a result, the body’s vital organs can’t get enough oxygen-rich blood. Without enough oxygen, the body can’t work correctly and death may occur.

What causes hypovolemic shock?

There are two types of hypovolemic shock. They are caused by different things.

Hemorrhagic shock occurs from losing too much blood. The most common cause of this type is trauma, or a bad injury. It can also happen from internal bleeding, such as from an ulcer or a ruptured aneurysm.

Nonhemorrhagic shock occurs from excess fluid loss. This type may happen from:

• Severe diarrhea or vomiting

• Heat stroke

• Burns

• Gastrointestinal problems, like a bowel blockage

What are the symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

The symptoms of hypovolemic shock can vary from person to person. The condition often starts with a drop in blood pressure, causing these symptoms:

• Confusion

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Cold, clammy skin

• Fainting

Hypovolemic shock may also cause a fast heartbeat, muscle cramps, blue-colored skin, and problems peeing.

How is hypovolemic shock treated?

Hypovolemic shock is a health emergency. It needs to be treated right away. Treatment focuses on replacing lost blood or fluids and fixing the cause of the condition. Depending on the type, treatment may include:

• Blood transfusion. After the blood loss is stopped, you may be given blood through an IV.

• Fluids. If you lose a lot of fluids, you may be given saline or another type of fluid replacement product through an IV.

• Medicines. You may be prescribed medicines to help with problems like low blood pressure, blood clots, or vomiting.

During recovery, you will be watched closely. Periodic tests, such as a blood draw, may be done to check for improvement.

What are the complications of hypovolemic shock?

Hypovolemic shock can lead to these health problems:

• Kidney or liver failure

• Brain damage

• Multiple organ failure

• Death